Vol. 29 No. 322 (2025)

Genetics and Sport: Superathletes or Cheaters
Genetics and sport are intrinsically linked, as an individual’s genetic predisposition can significantly influence their athletic performance. Genes determine a variety of factors that affect athletic performance, such as muscle fiber composition, cardiorespiratory capacity, flexibility, endurance, and recovery. Research in sports genetics has identified specific genes associated with performance in different disciplines. For example, some genes influence the production of fast-twitch muscle fibers, which are essential for speed and power sports. Other genes affect the body’s ability to transport oxygen, which is crucial for endurance sports.
While genetics play an important role, it is not the only determining factor for sporting success. Training, nutrition, environment, and motivation are also crucial. However, understanding the influence of genetics can help athletes and coaches optimize training and nutrition, as well as identify potential talents at an early age. Furthermore, genetics can also play a role in preventing sports injuries. By identifying genetic predispositions to certain injuries, athletes can take preventative measures, such as targeted exercises and adjustments in technique.
Sports genetics research offers valuable information that can help athletes and coaches maximize performance. However, sports genetic testing must be used responsibly and ethically, respecting athletes' privacy and autonomy. Furthermore, techniques such as genetic modification and genome editing, which are currently used to treat, prevent or cure diseases such as hemophilia, cystic fibrosis, leukemia and others, are considered a form of doping and are prohibited by sports organizations.
Tulio Guterman, Director - March 2025