Evolución y éxito profesional de futbolistas españolas según su edad relativa:

Alberto Gil-Galve; Iyán Iván-Baragaño

doi:10.46642/efd.v31i337.8742

Alberto Gil-Galve Universidad de Vigo (UVigo) https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2887-6476
Iyán Iván-Baragaño Universidad de León (UNILEON) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7136-4819

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46642/efd.v31i337.8742

Resumo

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o efeito da idade relativa na identificação, seleção e desenvolvimento de talentos no futebol feminino espanhol. Um estudo observacional longitudinal foi conduzido ao longo de 10 temporadas. Utilizando dados secundários, foram analisadas um total de 364 jovens jogadoras (idade = 14,93 ± 2,86) de seis clubes de futebol feminino da primeira divisão espanhola durante a época 2015/2016. Descritivamente, observou-se um efeito da idade relativa no futebol feminino espanhol durante a época 2014/2015, com uma sobre-representação de jogadoras nascidas no primeiro e segundo trimestres (31,5 % e 27,5 %, respetivamente). Posteriormente, o desenvolvimento atlético das jogadoras foi avaliado durante a época 2024/2025. Um total de 64 jogadoras (17,6 %) das analisadas são atualmente profissionais, a competir na primeira divisão do futebol feminino mundial, e 11 delas são jogadoras internacionais (3,0 %). Além disso, observou-se que as jogadoras mais jovens têm maior probabilidade de atingir um nível mais elevado. Ademais, propôs-se uma nova consideração sobre o tratamento de jogadoras em relação à idade relativa, visto que, em muitas situações, as jogadoras mais talentosas dos clubes são promovidos para treinar e competir com jogadoras mais velhas. Estas jogadoras devem ser considerados mais jovens do que os seus colegas de equipa, mesmo que tenham nascido na primeira metade do ano, porque treinam e competem com jogadoras de idade cronológica superior.

Palavras-chave: Futebol, Jogadoras, Efeitos da idade relativa

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