Avaliação cardiorrespiratória em nadadores de elite: uma revisão
Resumo
Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar a aplicabilidade da avaliação direta do desempenho cardiorrespiratório em nadadores de elite em seu contexto natural. Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura, com busca em bases de dados específicas. A formulação da pergunta seguiu o modelo PICO (População, Intervenção, Comparação e Desfecho), e os critérios de inclusão/exclusão foram estabelecidos. A pesquisa foi conduzida de maio a julho de 2023, nas bases Medline (PubMed), EMBASE (Elsevier) e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS). Foram encontrados 943 artigos após a busca inicial, dos quais 16 foram incluídos na revisão. Os estudos analisados demonstraram heterogeneidade em relação aos sexos dos atletas avaliados, sendo que a maioria incluiu ambos os sexos. A resistência à fadiga e a técnica de nado foram aspectos frequentemente investigados. Os protocolos de avaliação direta também foram discutidos, com destaque para o método Breath-by-Breath utilizando snorkel adaptado. A avaliação do VO2max é crucial para predizer o desempenho de nadadores de elite, porém são necessários mais estudos nesse contexto. A disponibilidade limitada de equipamentos e o alto custo dos mesmos representam desafios para a realização de avaliações diretas em ambiente aquático, o que reforça a importância de pesquisas adicionais nessa área.
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