Evaluación cardiorrespiratoria en nadadores de élite: una revisión
Resumen
Esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la aplicabilidad de la evaluación directa del rendimiento cardiorrespiratorio en nadadores de élite en su contexto natural. Se realizó una revisión integradora de la literatura, buscando en bases de datos específicas. La formulación de las preguntas siguió el modelo PICO (Población, Intervención, Comparación y Resultado), y se establecieron los criterios de inclusión/exclusión. La búsqueda se realizó de mayo a julio de 2023, en las bases de datos Medline (PubMed), EMBASE (Elsevier) y Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BVS). Tras la búsqueda inicial se encontraron 943 artículos, de los cuales 16 fueron incluidos en la revisión. Los estudios analizados demostraron heterogeneidad en relación al sexo de los deportistas evaluados, siendo la mayoría de ambos sexos. La resistencia a la fatiga y la técnica de natación fueron aspectos frecuentemente investigados. También se discutieron protocolos de evaluación directa, con énfasis en el método Breath-by-Breath utilizando un snorkel adaptado. La evaluación del VO2max es crucial para predecir el rendimiento de los nadadores de élite, pero se necesitan más estudios en este contexto. La limitada disponibilidad de equipos y su alto costo representan desafíos para realizar evaluaciones directas en un ambiente acuático, lo que refuerza la importancia de realizar investigaciones adicionales en esta área.
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