Monitoramento da carga de treinamento interna e externa em esportes coletivos
Uma revisão narrativa sobre métodos e tecnologias
Resumo
O monitoramento da carga de treinamento constitui uma estratégia fundamental para a otimização do desempenho e a redução do risco de lesões em esportes coletivos. As medidas de carga interna e externa fornecem informações complementares que subsidiam a tomada de decisão baseada em evidências na prescrição do treinamento e no gerenciamento dos atletas. O objetivo desta revisão foi sintetizar e analisar criticamente os principais métodos e tecnologias atualmente utilizados para o monitoramento da carga interna e externa em esportes coletivos, destacando suas aplicações práticas, vantagens e limitações. Foi realizada uma revisão narrativa da literatura com estratégia de busca estruturada, utilizando as recomendações do PRISMA como guia de relato. Os estudos foram identificados nas bases de dados Web of Science, PubMed e Scopus. Foram incluídos artigos revisados por pares que abordaram ferramentas subjetivas e objetivas de monitoramento, contemplando medidas perceptivas, índices baseados na frequência cardíaca, sistemas de posicionamento global, acelerometria e dispositivos vestíveis de microtecnologia. As evidências indicam que a carga externa é predominantemente monitorada por meio de variáveis como distância percorrida, velocidade, aceleração, potência e características de tempo-movimento, enquanto a carga interna é comumente avaliada por meio da avaliação da percepção de esforço durante a sessão, índices derivados da frequência cardíaca e questionários subjetivos de bem-estar. O uso combinado dessas medidas contribui para individualização do treinamento, gerenciamento adequado da carga e redução do risco de lesões. Conclui-se que o monitoramento da carga de treinamento deve ser compreendido como um processo dinâmico e dependente do contexto nos esportes coletivos.
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Biografia Autor
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