Monitoring Internal and External Training Load in Team Sports:

Gabriel Fernando Esteves Cardia

doi:10.46642/efd.v31i339.7330

Gabriel Fernando Esteves Cardia Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM) https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=56565251700 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3781-7498

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46642/efd.v31i339.7330

Resumen

La monitorización de la carga de entrenamiento es una estrategia clave para optimizar el rendimiento y reducir el riesgo de lesiones en deportes de equipo. Las mediciones de carga interna y externa proporcionan información complementaria que respalda la toma de decisiones basada en evidencias en prescripción del entrenamiento y gestión del atleta. El objetivo fue sintetizar y analizar críticamente los principales métodos y tecnologías utilizados actualmente para monitorizar la carga de entrenamiento interna y externa en deportes de equipo, haciendo hincapié en sus aplicaciones prácticas, ventajas y limitaciones. Se realizó una revisión narrativa de literatura con una estrategia de búsqueda estructurada, utilizando las recomendaciones PRISMA como guía de presentación de informes. Los estudios se recuperaron de las bases de datos Web of Science, PubMed y Scopus. Se incluyeron artículos revisados por pares sobre monitorización subjetiva y objetiva: medidas perceptuales, frecuencia cardíaca, GPS, acelerometría y microtecnología portátil. La evidencia indica que la carga externa se evalúa mediante distancia, velocidad, aceleración y potencia, mientras que la interna mediante percepción del esfuerzo, frecuencia cardíaca y cuestionarios de bienestar. El uso combinado de mediciones de cargas internas y externas favorece la individualización del entrenamiento, mejora la gestión de la carga y contribuye a la reducción del riesgo de lesiones. En conclusión, la monitorización de la carga de entrenamiento debe entenderse como un proceso dinámico y dependiente del contexto que requiere un enfoque integrado e individualizado para apoyar la toma de decisiones aplicadas y el desarrollo a largo plazo del atleta en deportes de equipo.

Palabras clave: Gestión del atleta, Sensores portátiles, Escala del esfuerzo percibido, Estado de recuperación, Prevención de lesiones

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