Mecanismos centrais e periféricos de fadiga neuromuscular: suas implicações para a prescrição do treinamento físico:

Cristian Giacomoni

doi:10.46642/efd.v31i338.8739

Cristian Giacomoni Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9598-2750

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46642/efd.v31i338.8739

Abstract

Neuromuscular fatigue (NMF) is a complex state that constrains performance and safety during training. It is commonly classified into peripheral fatigue (muscular, linked to Ca²⁺ dysregulation and metabolite accumulation) and central fatigue (within the central nervous system, related to failures in neural drive). The primary objective of this study was to provide an integrated model of exercise training prescription to support Physical Education professionals in decision-making, aiming to maximize effectiveness while minimizing the risk of overtraining and injury. A critical and analytical narrative review of the literature published between 2021 and 2025 was conducted. The literature search was performed in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The search strategy employed key terms related to fatigue mechanisms (central and peripheral) and training prescription (rest intervals, concurrent training). NMF is conceptualized as a dynamic continuum in which central fatigue—partly interpreted in light of the Central Governor Model and psychobiological models—acts as a protective regulator of performance, whereas peripheral fatigue represents the final bioenergetics limit. The discussion proposes the use of monitoring tools (Ratings of Perceived Exertion, Repetitions in Reserve, and Movement Velocity) to guide the manipulation of training variables such as rest intervals and the organization of concurrent training. Training prescription should evolve towards a “fatigue engineering” model, integrating knowledge of central and peripheral mechanisms to optimize effectiveness and reduce the risk of overtraining and/or injury.

Keywords: Muscle fatigue, Physical training, Neuromuscular manifestations

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