Termorregulação e estratégias para controle do estresse térmico durante o exercício: uma revisão narrativa

Bruno de Cassio Coelho; Rayane Siberia Souza Silva

doi:10.46642/efd.v30i331.8429

Bruno de Cassio Coelho Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV) https://publons.com/researcher/OJT-1934-2025 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3693-7634
Rayane Siberia Souza Silva Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV) https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4064-1512

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46642/efd.v30i331.8429

Abstract

Introduction: The rise in global temperatures poses challenges to athletic performance in hot climates, requiring efficient thermoregulation. During exercise, heat dissipation occurs through conduction, convection, radiation, and evaporation. However, factors such as high humidity and advanced age may compromise these mechanisms. Strategies such as heat acclimation, hydration, and cooling therefore become essential, particularly for middle-aged individuals. Objective: To critically review thermoregulatory mechanisms and strategies used to mitigate the effects of heat stress on physical performance. Methods: A narrative review was conducted based on studies published between 2019 and 2024, selecting relevant articles addressing strategies for mitigating heat stress across different sports and age groups. Searches were carried out in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases, without language restrictions. Results: A total of 18 studies were included: 50% confirmed the effectiveness of heat acclimation, 33% highlighted hydration, 22% demonstrated cooling strategies, 22% reported promising technologies, and 28% described impairments caused by heat on performance. Heat acclimation improves sweating efficiency, reduces heart rate, and enhances thermal tolerance. Conclusion: The combination of acclimation, hydration, cooling, and technology is effective in mitigating heat stress; however, further research is needed to establish specific guidelines and individualized interventions.

Keywords: Heat stress, Sports performance, Thermoregulation

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