Apoptosis linfocitaria y estrés oxidativo tras una competición de corta duración de voleibol de playa en atletas de élite
Resumen
El ejercicio continuo, extenuante y prolongado tiene un impacto bien documentado en el sistema inmunitario. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo verificar si el vóleibol de playa puede causar apoptosis linfocitaria y un aumento concomitante del estrés oxidativo. Se evaluaron las células leucocitarias apoptóticas con anticuerpos anti-anexina V marcados con FITC y la detección de yoduro de propidio nuclear, la disponibilidad de peróxido de hidrógeno (H₂O₂) mediante la oxidación del diacetato de 2′,7′-diclorofluorescina y la concentración total de antioxidantes mediante el ensayo de poder antioxidante por reducción de hierro, antes y después de un torneo corto de vóleibol de playa con 20 atletas de élite. La mediana y el rango intercuartil de H₂O₂ en unidades arbitrarias aumentaron de 2.886 antes de la competición a 10.402 después de la competición en el grupo femenino, y de 2.711 a 11.154 en el grupo masculino. El porcentaje de células con apoptosis positiva aumentó de 0,7 a 3,9 en el grupo femenino y de 0,7 a 4,0 en el masculino. La concentración total de antioxidantes no varió, mientras que el colesterol HDL aumentó en ambos grupos al final de la competición. La apoptosis concomitante y el aumento de la producción de H₂O₂ en los linfocitos sugieren una apoptosis mediada por estrés oxidativo. La defensa antioxidante no se activa inmediatamente para restablecer el equilibrio redox de las células inmunitarias, mientras que una mejora en el perfil lipídico sugiere protección antioxidante para los vasos sanguíneos.
Citas
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