Difusión e implementación de programas de actividad física para personas con prehipertensión: una revisión sistemática
Resumen
Los estudios sobre prevención de enfermedades en personas con prehipertensión a través de la actividad física ocupan un lugar destacado. Sin embargo, un punto a ser investigado más a fondo es precisamente el potencial de estos estudios para proporcionar información que sirva de base para las políticas de salud pública. Así, el objetivo de este artículo fue analizar si las producciones científicas sobre programas de actividad física para personas con prehipertensión cumplen las dimensiones de validez externa e interna utilizando el modelo RE-AIM. Se realizaron búsquedas en las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus, Biblioteca Virtual en Salud y PsycINFO (2007-2017), en inglés, portugués y español, resultando en 15 artículos de 65.870. Los programas fueron en su mayoría de actividades aeróbicas (3,3%) y se observó reducción de la presión (93,33%). Sin embargo, el 67,2% de los ítems del RE-AIM no fueron informados, mostrando bajos resultados en población objetivo/participantes, efectividad, características del equipo/organización e implementación. No se observaron datos de mantenimiento. Se concluye que los artículos no relatan los ítems de las dimensiones del modelo RE-AIM, perjudicando el análisis de informaciones sobre la validez externa e interna de los programas de actividad física para personas con prehipertensión. Dicha información es necesaria para orientar las políticas de salud pública y aumentar el impacto en la comunidad.
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