Resistência específica no taekwondo olímpico: proposta de treinamento
Resumo
O taekwondo olímpico refere-se à modalidade de combate que atingiu o nível olímpico na década de 2000. Os avanços na análise da competição esportiva e na pesquisa científica nas últimas décadas promoveram mudanças de paradigma no treinamento esportivo. As diferenças substantivas entre os esportes acíclicos em relação aos cíclicos, visto que os primeiros apresentam variações significativas na intensidade, duração, frequência, cinética e cinemática das ações musculares durante a competição, têm sido alicerces centrais para a análise e desenvolvimento de novas estratégias de treinamento. Nesse sentido, esta pesquisa descritiva, concebida a partir do campo prático, está direcionada ao estudo da resistência específica do taekwondo. Os objetivos deste trabalho são: (1) especificar o conceito de resistência específica para o taekwondo; (2) analisar a estrutura da competição e identificar as demandas fisiológicas a partir de sua dinâmica intermitente e (3) propor diretrizes para o treinamento resistido específico do taekwondo.
Referências
Angiolillo, L. (2021). Análisis del acondicionamiento previo deportivo para el Taekwondo Olímpico [Tesis de grado. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad Nacional de La Plata]. https://www.memoria.fahce.unlp.edu.ar/tesis/te.2154/te.2154.pdf
Angiolillo, L. (2022). Origen y actualidad del Taekwondo (WT) femenino en la Argentina: Una perspectiva de género. Educación Física y Ciencia, 24(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.24215/23142561e214
Aravena Tapia, DE, Román Barrera, V., da Silva Santos, JF, Franchini, E., Valdés-Badilla, P., Orihuela, P., y Herrera-Valenzuela, T. (2020). High-intensity interval training improves specific performance in taekwondo athletes: El entrenamiento intervalado de alta intensidad mejora el rendimiento específico en los atletas de taekwondo. Revista de Artes Marciales Asiaticas, 15(1), 4-13. https://doi.org/10.18002/rama.v15i1.6041
Bartel, C., Coswig, V.S., Protzen, G.V., y Del Vecchio, F.B. (2022). Energy demands in high-intensity intermittent taekwondo specific exercises. Peer J, 10, e13654. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13654
Bazyler, C.D., Abbott, H.A., Bellon, C.R., Taber, C.B., y Stone, M.H. (2015). Strength Training for Endurance Athletes: Theory to Practice. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 37(2), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000131
Billat, L.V. (2001). Interval training for performance: A scientific and empirical practice. Special recommendations for middle- and long-distance running. Part I: aerobic interval training. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 31(1), 13-31. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200131010-00002
Bompa, T.O., y Haff, G. (2009). Periodization: Theory and methodology of training (5th ed). Human Kinetics.
Buchheit, M., y Laursen, P.B. (2013a). High-intensity interval training, solutions to the programming puzzle: Part I: cardiopulmonary emphasis. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 43(5), 313-338. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-013-0029-x
Buchheit, M., y Laursen, P.B. (2013b). High-intensity interval training, solutions to the programming puzzle. Part II: Anaerobic energy, neuromuscular load and practical applications. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 43(10), 927-954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-013-0066-5
Burgomaster, KA, Howarth, KR, Phillips, SM, Rakobowchuk, M., Macdonald, MJ, McGee, SL, y Gibala, MJ (2008). Similar metabolic adaptations during exercise after low volume sprint interval and traditional endurance training in humans. The Journal of Physiology, 586(1), 151-160. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2007.142109
Burgomaster, K.A., Hughes, S.C., Heigenhauser, G.J.F., Bradwell, S.N., y Gibala, M.J. (2005). Six sessions of sprint interval training increases muscle oxidative potential and cycle endurance capacity in humans. Journal of applied physiology, 98(6). https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01095.2004
Campos, F.A.D., Bertuzzi, R., Dourado, A.C., Santos, V.G.F., y Franchini, E. (2012). Energy demands in taekwondo athletes during combat simulation. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 112(4), 1221-1228. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-011-2071-4
Casas, A. (2008). Physiology and methodology of intermittent resistance training for acyclic sports. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 3(1), 23-52. https://doi.org/10.4100/jhse.2008.31.03
Casas, A. (2011). Entrenamiento de resistencia para deportes de conjunto. En Entrenamiento deportivo (pp. 213-227). Medica Panamericana.
Ferreira da Silva Santos, J., Dias Wilson, V., Herrera-Valenzuela, T., y Mansur Machado, F. S. (2020). Time-Motion Analysis and Physiological Responses to Taekwondo Combat in Juvenile and Adult Athletes: A Systematic Review. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 42(2), 103-121. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000517
Franchini, E., Cormack, S., y Takito, M.Y. (2019). Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training on Olympic Combat Sports Athletes’ Performance and Physiological Adaptation: A Systematic Review. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 33(1), 242-252. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002957
Gibala, M.J. (2021). Physiological basis of interval training for performance enhancement. Experimental Physiology, 106(12), 2324-2327. https://doi.org/10.1113/EP088190
Gibala, M.J., y Jones, A.M. (2013). Physiological and performance adaptations to high-intensity interval training. Nestle Nutrition Institute Workshop Series, 76, 51-60. https://doi.org/10.1159/000350256
Gibala, MJ, Little, JP, van Essen, M., Wilkin, GP, Burgomaster, KA, Safdar, A., Raha, S., y Tarnopolsky, MA (2006). Short-term sprint interval versus traditional endurance training: Similar initial adaptations in human skeletal muscle and exercise performance. The Journal of Physiology, 575(Pt 3), 901-911. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2006.112094
Hood, D.A., Memme, J.M., Oliveira, A.N., y Triolo, M. (2019). Maintenance of Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria in Health, Exercise, and Aging. Annual Review of Physiology, 81, 19-41. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-020518-114310
Hood, DA, Tryon, LD, Vainshtein, A., Memme, J., Chen, C., Pauly, M., Crilly, MJ, y Carter, H. (2015). Exercise and the Regulation of Mitochondrial Turnover. Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science, 135, 99-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.07.007
Izquierdo Redín, M. (2008). Biomecánica y Bases Neuromusculares de la Actividad Física y el Deporte. Medica Panamericana.
López Chicharro, J., y Vicente Campos, D. (2018). HIIT: Entrenamiento Interválico de Alta Intensidad. HIIT de la fisiología a la práctica.
MacInnis, M.J., y Gibala, M.J. (2017). Physiological adaptations to interval training and the role of exercise intensity. The Journal of Physiology, 595(9), 2915-2930. https://doi.org/10.1113/JP273196
Martin, D., Carl, K., y Lehnertz, K. (2014). Manual de metodología del entrenamiento deportivo (1ª edición). Editorial Paidotribo.
Memme, J.M., Erlich, A.T., Phukan, G., y Hood, D.A. (2021). Exercise and mitochondrial health. The Journal of Physiology, 599(3), 803-817. https://doi.org/10.1113/JP278853
Monks, L., Seo, M.-W., Kim, H.-B., Jung, H.C., y Song, J.K. (2017). High-intensity interval training and athletic performance in Taekwondo athletes. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 57(10), 1252-1260. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.17.06853-0
Ojeda-Aravena, A., Herrera-Valenzuela, T., Valdés-Badilla, P., Cancino-López, J., Zapata-Bastias, J., y García-García, J.M. (2021a). Effects of 4 Weeks of a Technique-Specific Protocol with High-Intensity Intervals on General and Specific Physical Fitness in Taekwondo Athletes: An Inter-Individual Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(7), 3643. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073643
Ojeda-Aravena, A., Herrera-Valenzuela, T., Valdés-Badilla, P., Cancino-López, J., Zapata-Bastias, J., y García-García, J.M. (2021b). Inter-Individual Variability of a High-Intensity Interval Training With Specific Techniques vs. Repeated Sprints Program in Sport-Related Fitness of Taekwondo Athletes. Frontiers in Physiology, 12, 766153. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.766153
Ouergui, I., Messaoudi, H., Chtourou, H., Wagner, MO, Bouassida, A., Bouhlel, E., Franchini, E., y Engel, FA (2020). Repeated Sprint Training vs. Repeated High-Intensity Technique Training in Adolescent Taekwondo Athletes - A Randomized Controlled Trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(12), 4506. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124506
Riera Riera, J. (1995). Estrategia, táctica y técnica deportivas. Apunts: Educación Física y Deportes, 39(45-56). https://revista-apunts.com/estrategia-tactica-y-tecnica-deportivas/
Rother, E.T. (2007). Revisión sistemática X revisión narrativa. Acta Paulista de Enfermagem, 20(v-vi). https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-21002007000200001
Watkins, J. (1999). Structure and Functions of the Musculoskeletal System. Human Kinetics.
World Taekwondo (2020). 2019 Annual Report. http://www.worldtaekwondo.org/documents-wt/docu.html?cd1=05
World Taekwondo (2022). Competition rules & interpretation. http://www.worldtaekwondo.org/rules-wt/rules.html
Zintl, F. (1991). Entrenamiento de la resistencia. Fundamentos, métodos y direcciones del entrenamiento. Ediciones Martínez Roca, S.A.
Direitos de Autor (c) 2023 Lecturas: Educación Física y Deportes
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
