La actividad física como factor protector de la vulnerabilidad clínico-funcional de mujeres mayores de la comunidad
Estudio transversal
Resumen
Introducción: El envejecimiento de la población es cada vez más generalizado y tiene un impacto en la sociedad. Por tanto, la investigación en el área del envejecimiento debe poder observar los deterioros inherentes a esta condición, cuantificar los riesgos y desarrollar estrategias para combatirlos y mantener una vida saludable. Objetivo: Estratificar el riesgo de vulnerabilidad en mujeres mayores que practican actividades físicas, en comparación con mujeres mayores sedentarias. Métodos: Estudio transversal, que incluyó 105 mujeres mayores, residentes en la comunidad, en la ciudad de Porto Alegre. Fueron divididos en dos grupos: 42 en el grupo de control (CG) (sedentario) y 63 en el grupo de entrenamiento (GT) (incluido en programas de entrenamiento físico). Fueron evaluadas por su índice de vulnerabilidad clínico-funcional. Resultados: Ambos grupos fueron homogéneos en cuanto a edad, peso y talla. En cuanto a la estratificación del riesgo de vulnerabilidad clínica funcional, hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa, favorable al GT (p=0,021). El 52% de GC mostró vulnerabilidad baja, en comparación con el 70% de GT. Aún así, el 38% de los GC y el 24% de los GT mostraron un mayor nivel de vulnerabilidad. Finalmente, el 9,5% de los GC presentaron riesgo alto, frente al 3% de los GT. Conclusión: Se sugiere que ser parte de un programa regular de entrenamiento físico es un factor protector de la vulnerabilidad clínico-funcional, reduciendo en un tercio la probabilidad de vulnerabilidad, en comparación con sujetos sedentarios.
Referencias
Alexandre, T.S., Duarte, Y.A.O., Santos, J.L.F., e Lebrão, M.L. (2018). Prevalência e fatores associados à sarcopenia, dinapenia e sarcodinapenia em idosos residentes no Município de São Paulo - Estudo SABE. Rev Bras Epidemiol, 21(Suppl. 2). https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720180009.supl.2
Barbosa‐Silva, T.G., Bielemann, R.M., Gonzalez, M.C., e Menezes, A.M.B. (2016). Prevalence of sarcopenia among community‐dwelling elderly of a medium‐sized South American city: results of the COMO VAI? study. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle, 7(2), 136-143. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12049
Beaudart, C., Zaaria, M., Pasleau, F., Reginster, J.-Y., e Bruyère, O. (2017). Health Outcomes of Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One, 12(1), e0169548. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0169548
Chen, H.T., Wu, H.J., Chen, Y.J., Ho, S.Y., e Chung, Y.C. (2018). Effects of 8-week kettlebell training on body composition, muscle strength, pulmonary function, and chronic low-grade inflammation in elderly women with sarcopenia. Exp Gerontol, 112, 112-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2018.09.015
Chodzko-Zajko, WJ, Proctor, DN, Fiatarone Singh, MA, Minson, CT, Nigg, CR, Salem, GJ, e Skinner, JS (2009). American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Exercise and physical activity for older adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 41(7), 1510-1530. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181a0c95c
Cruz-Jentoft, AJ, Bahat, G., Bauer, J., Boirie, Y., Bruyere, O., Cederholm, T., Cooper, C., Landi, F., Rolland, Y., Sayer, AA, Schneider, SM, Sieber, CC, Topinkova, E., Vandewoude, M., Visser, M., Zamboni, M., Writing Group for the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2), e the Extended Group for EWGSOP2 (2019). Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age Ageing, 48(4), 601. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afz046
Cruz-Jentoft, AJ, Landi, F., Schneider, SM, Zúñiga, C., Arai, H., Boirie, Y., Chen, LK, Fielding, RA, Martin, FC, Michel, JA, Sieber, C., Stout, JR, Studenski, SA, Vellas, B., Woo, J., Zamboni, M., e Cederholm, T. (2014). Prevalence of and interventions for sarcopenia in ageing adults: a systematic review. Report of the International Sarcopenia Initiative (EWGSOP and IWGS). Age and Ageing, 43(6), 748-759. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afu115
Duarte, Y.A. de O., Andrade, C.L. de, e Lebrão, M.L. (2007). O Índex de Katz na avaliação da funcionalidade dos idosos. Rev. Esc. Enferm. USP, 41(2), 25. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0080-62342007000200021
Elsawy, B., e Higgins, K.E. (2011). The geriatric assessment. Am Fam Physician, 83(1), 48-56. https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2011/0101/p48.html
Ferreira, L.F., de Oliveira, A.R., Schiefelbein, M.L., Garcia, E., e da Rosa, L.H.T. (2022). Aerobic Training Does not Decrease the Prevalence of Sarcopenia in Older Women: Cross-Sectional Study. Ageing International 48, 563-574. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12126-022-09485-7
Ferreira, L.F., Scariot, E.L., e da Rosa, L.H.T. (2023). The effect of different exercise programs on sarcopenia criteria in older people: A systematic review of systematic reviews with meta-analysis. Arch Gerontol Geriatr, 105, 104868. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2022.104868
Karsten, M., Rech, D., Vieira, A., Da Silva, M., Ribeiro, G., e Matte, D. (2019). Is frailty associated with functional capacity decline in chronic cardiovascular disease patients? A systematic review and meta-analysis [Conference Abstract]. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, 26, S93-S94.
Laurence, B.D., e Michel, L. (2017). The Fall in Older Adults: Physical and Cognitive Problems. Curr Aging Sci, 10(3), 185-200. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874609809666160630124552
Lawton, M.P., e Brody, E.M. (1969). Assessment of older people: self-maintainingand instrumental activities of daily living. Gerontologist, 9(3), 179-186. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5349366/
Li, N., Chen, G., Zeng, P., Pang, J., Gong, H., Han, Y., Zhang, Y, Zhang, E., Zhang, T. e Zheng, X. (2017). Prevalence and factors associated with mild cognitive impairment among Chinese older adults with depression. Geriatrics & Gerontology International, 18(2), 263-268. https://doi.org/10.1111/ggi.13171
Mahoney, F.I., e Barthel, D.W. (1965). Functional Evaluation: The Barthel Index. Md State Med J, 14, 61-65. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14258950/
Matsudo, S., Araujo, T., Matsudo, V., Andrade, D., Andrade, E., Oliveira, LC, e Braggion, G. (2001). Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ): Estudo de Validade e Reprodutibilidade no Brasil. Atividade Física e Saúde, 6(2), 14. https://doi.org/10.12820/rbafs.v.6n2p5-18
Moraes, E.N., Carmo, J.A., Moraes, F.L., Azevedo, R.S., Machado, C.J., e Montilla, D.E. (2016). Clinical-Functional Vulnerability Index-20 (IVCF-20): rapid recognition of frail older adults. Rev Saude Publica, 50, 81. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1518-8787.2016050006963
OMS (2015). Relatório Mundial de Envelhecimento e Saúde (Vol. 1). Geneva: Publicações da OMS. https://sbgg.org.br/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/OMS-ENVELHECIMENTO-2015-port.pdf
Petermann-Rocha, F., Ferguson, LD, Gray, SR, Rodríguez-Gómez, I., Sattar, N., Siebert, S., Ho, FK, Pell, JP, e. Celis-Morales, C. (2021). Association of sarcopenia with incident osteoporosis: a prospective study of 168,682 UK biobank participants. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle, 12(5), 1179-1188. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12757
Power, M., Quinn, K., e Schmidt, S. (2005). Development of the WHOQOL-old module. Qual Life Res, 14(10), 2197-2214. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-005-7380-9
Silva Neto, LS, Karnikowski, MGO, Osório, NB, Pereira, LC, Mendes, MB, Galato, D., Gomide, LB, Matheus, JPC (2016). Association between sarcopenia and quality of life in quilombola elderly in Brazil. International Journal of General Medicine, 9, 89-97. https://doi.org/10.2147/ijgm.s92404
Teng, Z., Zhu, Y., Teng, Y., Long, Q., Hao, Q., Yu, X., Yang, L., Lv, Y., Liu, J., Zeng, Y, e Lu, S. (2021). The analysis of osteosarcopenia as a risk factor for fractures, mortality, and falls. Osteoporosis International, 32(11), 2173-2183. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-021-05963-x
Tyrovolas, S., Koyanagi, A., Olaya, B., Ayuso‐Mateos, JL, Miret, M., Chatterji, S., Tobiasz-Adamczyk, B., Koskinen, S., Leonardi, M., e Haro, JM (2016). Factors associated with skeletal muscle mass, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity in older adults: a multi‐continent study. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle, 7(3), 312-321. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12076
Vasconcelos, K.S., Dias, J.M., Araujo, M.C., Pinheiro, A.C., Moreira, B.S., e Dias, R.C. (2016). Effects of a progressive resistance exercise program with high-speed component on the physical function of older women with sarcopenic obesity: a randomized controlled trial. Braz J Phys Ther, 20(5), 432-440. https://doi.org/10.1590/bjpt-rbf.2014.0174
Wu, L., Xu, Z., Chen, Z., Guo, T., Li, X., e Lin, F. (2021). Prevalence and risk factors of sarcopenia in middle-aged and elderly Asian patients with type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis [Conference Abstract]. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 69(Suppl. 1), S296. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.17115
Zhang, Y., Zhang, J., Ni, W., Yuan, X., Zhang, H., Li, P., Xu, J., e Zhao, Z. (2021). Sarcopenia in heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ESC Heart Fail, 8(2), 1007-1017. https://doi.org/10.1002/ehf2.13255
Zhang, Y., Zou, L., Chen, ST, Bae, JH, Kim, DY, Liu, X., e Song, W. (2021). Effects and Moderators of Exercise on Sarcopenic Components in Sarcopenic Elderly: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Med (Lausanne), 8, 649748. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.649748
Biografía del autor/a
http://lattes.cnpq.br/6542905487531999
http://lattes.cnpq.br/4893975155998185
http://lattes.cnpq.br/4493395109022249
http://lattes.cnpq.br/2424897340987357
http://lattes.cnpq.br/3382604380000494
Derechos de autor 2024 Lecturas: Educación Física y Deportes
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObrasDerivadas 4.0.