Treinamento multicomponente e de força melhoram saúde mental e qualidade de vida de idosos

Paula Ferreira Mendes do Nascimento; Rayanderson Salustiano da Silva; Gabriel Rodrigues Neto; Leonardo dos Santos Oliveira

doi:10.46642/efd.v29i311.7460

Paula Ferreira Mendes do Nascimento Faculdades Nova Esperança (FACENE) https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0778-1086
Rayanderson Salustiano da Silva Faculdades Nova Esperança (FACENE) https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2019-9772
Gabriel Rodrigues Neto Faculdades Nova Esperança (FACENE) https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8477-1993
Leonardo dos Santos Oliveira Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7485-105X

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46642/efd.v29i311.7460

Resumen

El objetivo es comparar los efectos de 6 semanas de entrenamiento multicomponente (MCT) y entrenamiento de fuerza (TF) sobre los índices de estrés, ansiedad, depresión y calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) en personas mayores. Estudio experimental no aleatorizado (pre-post test) con adultos mayores de ambos sexos (65-79 años) asignados a grupos: TMC (n=6, ejercicios aeróbicos, de amplitud de movimiento y de fortalecimiento) o TF (n=7, Ejercicios de fortalecimiento) durante 6 semanas. La salud mental se midió mediante Escala de Ansiedad, Depresión y Estrés (EADS-21), y la CVRS mediante SF-36. Los datos se reportaron como media y error estándar y el análisis se realizó mediante el modelo de Ecuaciones de Estimación Generalizadas (GEE), cuyo tamaño del efecto fue expresado por la d de Cohen. En el análisis GEE no se observaron efectos estadísticamente significativos de grupo, momento o interacción para las variables analizadas (P>0,05). El tamaño del efecto estuvo ligeramente a favor de CMD para todas las puntuaciones de salud mental (0,14≤d≤0,53). En cuanto a la CVRS, se verificaron efectos favorables de DMC para los dominios Dolor corporal (d=1,27), Vitalidad (d=0,34) y Aspectos sociales (d=0,22). El TF fue favorable a la mejora de los dominios Aspectos físicos (d=0,85), Estado de salud general (d=2,46), Aspectos emocionales (d=1,29) y Salud mental (d=0,35). Se concluye que TMC fue eficaz para la salud mental y la CVRS parece depender del entrenamiento. La TMC como la PT, realizadas de forma progresiva, pueden ser estrategias efectivas para mejorar la salud mental y la CVRS.

Palabras clave: Ejercicio físico, Trastornos mentales, Indicadores de calidad de vida

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