El entrenamiento multicomponente y de fuerza mejora la salud mental y la calidad de vida de los adultos mayores
Resumen
El objetivo es comparar los efectos de 6 semanas de entrenamiento multicomponente (MCT) y entrenamiento de fuerza (TF) sobre los índices de estrés, ansiedad, depresión y calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) en personas mayores. Estudio experimental no aleatorizado (pre-post test) con adultos mayores de ambos sexos (65-79 años) asignados a grupos: TMC (n=6, ejercicios aeróbicos, de amplitud de movimiento y de fortalecimiento) o TF (n=7, Ejercicios de fortalecimiento) durante 6 semanas. La salud mental se midió mediante Escala de Ansiedad, Depresión y Estrés (EADS-21), y la CVRS mediante SF-36. Los datos se reportaron como media y error estándar y el análisis se realizó mediante el modelo de Ecuaciones de Estimación Generalizadas (GEE), cuyo tamaño del efecto fue expresado por la d de Cohen. En el análisis GEE no se observaron efectos estadísticamente significativos de grupo, momento o interacción para las variables analizadas (P>0,05). El tamaño del efecto estuvo ligeramente a favor de CMD para todas las puntuaciones de salud mental (0,14≤d≤0,53). En cuanto a la CVRS, se verificaron efectos favorables de DMC para los dominios Dolor corporal (d=1,27), Vitalidad (d=0,34) y Aspectos sociales (d=0,22). El TF fue favorable a la mejora de los dominios Aspectos físicos (d=0,85), Estado de salud general (d=2,46), Aspectos emocionales (d=1,29) y Salud mental (d=0,35). Se concluye que TMC fue eficaz para la salud mental y la CVRS parece depender del entrenamiento. La TMC como la PT, realizadas de forma progresiva, pueden ser estrategias efectivas para mejorar la salud mental y la CVRS.
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