Relación entre la intensidad del ejercicio físico y la mejora cognitiva en adultos con trastornos del neurodesarrollo
Una revisión integradora
Resumen
Introducción: Los trastornos del neurodesarrollo afectan funciones cognitivas esenciales, impactando la calidad de vida de los individuos, como se observa en el Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH). El ejercicio físico ha sido destacado como una intervención no farmacológica eficaz para mejorar las funciones cognitivas, especialmente las funciones ejecutivas. Objetivo: Este estudio tiene como objetivo investigar la relación entre la intensidad del entrenamiento físico y las mejoras cognitivas en adultos con trastornos del neurodesarrollo. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión integrativa de la literatura en las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science, y se incluyeron estudios publicados entre 2010 y 2023 que evaluaron la intensidad del entrenamiento físico y sus efectos en la cognición de adultos con trastornos del neurodesarrollo. Resultados: Los estudios revisados demostraron que la intensidad del entrenamiento físico influye significativamente en las funciones ejecutivas en adultos con trastornos del neurodesarrollo. Los entrenamientos de intensidad moderada a alta mostraron una mayor eficacia en la mejora de las funciones cognitivas, en comparación con los ejercicios de baja intensidad. Conclusión: El entrenamiento físico, especialmente en intensidades moderadas a altas, puede ser una intervención eficaz para mejorar las funciones cognitivas en adultos con trastornos del neurodesarrollo. Sin embargo, se necesita más investigación para definir la intensidad ideal y comprender mejor los mecanismos subyacentes.
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Derechos de autor 2024 Lecturas: Educación Física y Deportes
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