Obesidad durante la pandemia de COVID-19: los impactos en el desarrollo infantil
Una revisión de la literatura
Resumen
La obesidad y el COVID-19 son pandemias que afectan negativamente la salud y la calidad de vida, siendo consideradas emergencias sanitarias a nivel mundial, provocando altos y significativos índices de enfermedad, que pueden derivar en hospitalización y muerte. Objetivo: Realizar un análisis reflexivo, a través de una revisión de la literatura, sobre la obesidad infantil, considerando los impactos de la pandemia de COVID-19 en el desarrollo infantil. Metodología: La búsqueda bibliográfica se realizó en la base de datos PubMed utilizando el siguiente algoritmo: (SARS-CoV-2 OR COVID-19) AND (children OR niño OR estudiante OR adolescente) AND (obesidad infantil OR obesidad pediátrica). La selección de estudios se restringió de 2019 a 2022. De 239 resultados, luego de los criterios e inclusión, se seleccionaron 11 estudios. Resultados: La pandemia de COVID-19 contribuyó a desviaciones en el neurodesarrollo de niños, en esferas motora y de coordinación, y también en las esferas del lenguaje, comportamiento e interacción social, incluso en niños no infectados por SARS-CoV-2. Además, la introducción de conductas sedentarias en niños durante la pandemia puede haber aumentado el riesgo de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT). Este escenario se refleja en cambios notables en patrones de baja actividad física y comportamiento sedentario. Conclusiones: La pandemia de COVID-19 desencadenó no solo una crisis de salud, sino también impactó en los estilos de vida de los niños, contribuyendo a desafíos adicionales relacionados con la obesidad infantil. Comprender estos efectos es esencial para guiar estrategias efectivas de salud pública e intervenciones específicas para esta población vulnerable.
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