Efectos del entrenamiento con sobrecarga a distintas intensidades en niños pre púberes futbolistas
Resumen
Introducción: La fuerza es un componente esencial de la aptitud física, por lo que podría representar una unidad fundamental en los procesos de crecimiento y desarrollo de los niños. Objetivo: Comparar los efectos de dos protocolos de entrenamiento con sobrecarga en el desarrollo de la fuerza y la resistencia muscular en niños pre púberes futbolistas. Métodos. 32 niños pre púberes (10,4 ± 0,3 años) participaron de este estudio longitudinal prospectivo divididos en dos grupos por conveniencia, grupo Bajas Cargas (BC) y grupo Moderadas Cargas (MC). Ambos grupos realizaron 2 sesiones semanales de entrenamiento con sobrecarga durante 8 semanas, completando el mismo volumen de entrenamiento, con una intensidad relativa del 50% para BC y del 75% de 1RM para MC, en los ejercicios prensa de piernas y press en banco. Se evaluó 1RM en press en banco (1RM-PB) y prensa de piernas (1RM-PP); máximas repeticiones realizables al 50% y 75% en press en banco (PB50% y PB75%) y prensa de piernas (PP50% y PP75%). Resultados. La 1RM-PB aumentó significativamente en ambos grupos (MC: 27% y BC: 19%) al igual que la 1RM-PP (MC: 50% y BC: 31%). La PP50%, PP75% y PB50% aumentaron significativamente en ambos grupos (BC: 73,27%, 13,40%, 5,34%; MC: 21,4%, 29,1%, 3,68%, respectivamente). Sólo el grupo MC logró mejoras en PB75% (39%). Conclusiones. La fuerza y la resistencia muscular pueden mejorar durante la niñez con la prescripción de protocolos de entrenamiento de fuerza de cargas moderadas durante el período inicial de entrenamiento.
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