Treinamento unilateral no condicionamento físico. Implicações neuromusculares, biomecânicas e funcionais

Douglas  Tajes Junior

doi:10.46642/efd.v31i341.8829

Douglas Tajes Junior TS LAB Smart Training https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0486-6748

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46642/efd.v31i341.8829

Resumo

O treinamento de força evoluiu significativamente nas últimas décadas, incorporando estratégias fundamentadas na especificidade funcional e no desempenho esportivo. Nesse contexto, o treinamento unilateral destaca-se por impor maiores demandas neuromusculares, proprioceptivas e biomecânicas quando comparado ao treinamento bilateral tradicional. A execução de exercícios com apoio único amplia a necessidade de estabilização lombo-pélvica, controle intermuscular e coordenação neural, além de favorecer a identificação e a correção de assimetrias entre os membros. Evidências recentes sugerem que assimetrias interlaterais podem comprometer o desempenho físico e, em determinadas modalidades esportivas, estar associadas ao aumento do risco de lesões musculoesqueléticas, embora essa relação ainda apresente resultados inconsistentes na literatura. O fenômeno do déficit bilateral reforça a relevância das adaptações neurais específicas promovidas pelo estímulo unilateral. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as principais implicações neuromusculares, biomecânicas e funcionais do treinamento unilateral no condicionamento físico, enfatizando seus efeitos sobre o desempenho, a prevenção de lesões e o equilíbrio de força entre os membros. A literatura contemporânea indica que sua aplicação, quando integrada a programas periodizados que também incluem exercícios bilaterais, potencializa ganhos de força funcional, potência e estabilidade dinâmica.

Palavras-chave: Treinamento de força, Assimetria muscular, Controle motor, Desempenho esportivo, Estabilidade lombo-pélvica

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