Conectividade e funções neurais da amígdala no transtorno do espectro autista
Uma revisão integrativa da literatura acerca dos aspectos neurofuncionais e cognitivos
Resumo
A amígdala é uma estrutura do cérebro que desempenha um papel importante na regulação emocional e social. Em indivíduos com transtorno do espectro autista (TEA), a amígdala pode ter algumas diferenças estruturais e funcionais em comparação com indivíduos neurotípicos. O objetivo do estudo foi reunir os aspectos do conhecimento atual sobre as diferenças morfológicas e funcionais da amígdala associadas às alterações neurofuncionais que afetam a cognição das pessoas no TEA. Foi feita uma revisão integrativa da literatura, a partir de 9 artigos publicados nas bases da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Biblioteca Eletrônica Científica Online (SCIELO), National Library of Medicine (PubMed) e The Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health (Mental Health) a partir de pesquisas realizadas entre 2016 a 2022. As pesquisas sugerem que a amígdala em autistas pode estar hiperativa em situações sociais, o que pode levar a uma maior ansiedade e dificuldades na interação social. Além disso, a amígdala pode estar menos conectada com outras regiões do cérebro que estão envolvidas na compreensão de emoções e processamento social. Essas diferenças na função da amígdala podem contribuir muito para as características do autismo, incluindo dificuldades na comunicação social e interação, bem como comportamentos repetitivos e restritivos. No entanto, mais pesquisas são necessárias para entender completamente como a função da amígdala está relacionada com o autismo e como essas diferenças podem ser tratadas, planejadas e implementadas pelos profissionais da saúde e educação de forma eficaz.
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