Efectos de diferentes cadencias de pedaleo sobre la respuesta cardiovascular de ciclistas aficionados
Resumen
La cadencia de pedaleo representa una importante variable fisiológica y biomecánica relacionada con el rendimiento en el ciclismo, influyendo directamente en las respuestas cardiovasculares y metabólicas durante el ejercicio. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar el comportamiento de la frecuencia cardíaca en diferentes cadencias de pedaleo en ciclistas amateurs. Se trata de una investigación de campo, de enfoque cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal. Participaron en el estudio 13 ciclistas amateurs de sexo masculino, con edades entre 27 y 56 años y experiencia mínima de dos años en la modalidad. Las pruebas se realizaron en un cicloergómetro, utilizando un protocolo de 12 minutos dividido en cuatro etapas de tres minutos en las cadencias de 60, 80, 100 y 120 rpm. La frecuencia cardíaca fue monitoreada cada 10 segundos durante el protocolo. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó ANOVA seguida de la prueba de Tukey y regresión lineal, adoptándose un nivel de significancia de p<0,01. Los resultados demostraron un aumento progresivo de la frecuencia cardíaca conforme al incremento de la cadencia de pedaleo, evidenciando una fuerte asociación entre las variables analizadas. Se observó una mayor estabilidad cardiovascular entre las cadencias de 80 y 100 rpm, sugiriendo un mejor equilibrio fisiológico en ese rango de rotación. Se concluye que la cadencia de pedaleo ejerce una influencia directa sobre la frecuencia cardíaca, pudiendo contribuir al control de la intensidad del entrenamiento y a la optimización del rendimiento deportivo en el ciclismo.
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