Uso de la impresión 3D en la enseñanza de anatomía humana en el curso de medicina
Revisión de la literatura
Resumen
Introducción: La impresión tridimensional (3D) es una técnica moderna de creación de modelos impresos en 3D que permite la reproducción de modelos anatómicos para la enseñanza de la anatomía. Tiene la ventaja de mayor reproducibilidad y manipulación por parte de los estudiantes. Objetivo: Describir las ventajas y desventajas del uso de la impresión 3D en la enseñanza de anatomía humana. Métodos: Estudio de revisión de literatura con artículos publicados entre 2019-2023. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en la base de datos electrónica PubMed (National Library of Medicine, NCBI), utilizando los siguientes términos: anatomía, aprendizaje, enseñanza, educación médica e impresión 3D. Resultados: La búsqueda generó 235 resultados, los cuales se redujeron a 31 artículos luego de aplicar los criterios de exclusión. La literatura respalda que la impresión 3D es una herramienta útil para la enseñanza de anatomía. Las principales ventajas fueron las características visuales, como autenticidad, variabilidad de consistencias, colores y transparencia, reproducibilidad, posibilidad de manipulación por parte de los estudiantes, retención de conocimientos a largo plazo y satisfacción de los estudiantes. Sin embargo, las principales desventajas están relacionadas con el diseño, tales como: consistencia, falta de detalle, colores muy brillantes, largo tiempo de impresión y alto costo. Conclusión: Esta revisión demuestra que los modelos impresos en 3D tienen el potencial de ayudar a los estudiantes a aprender anatomía. Desde una perspectiva pedagógica, la impresión 3D es una herramienta eficaz para la enseñanza de anatomía, como lo demuestran la retención de conocimientos a largo plazo y la satisfacción de los estudiantes.
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