Deportistas y prevalencia de traumatismos relacionados con la estructura bucomaxilofacial: conocimiento y uso de protectores bucales
Resumen
Introducción: el análisis epidemiológico de las fracturas orales y maxilofaciales (OMF) es importante para proporcionar atención preventiva y un tratamiento eficaz de estas lesiones. Objetivos: Verificar la prevalencia de accidentes deportivos que involucran estructuras OMF y factores asociados con el deporte, el conocimiento y el uso de protectores bucales. Método: estudio descriptivo transversal que involucró a 647 deportistas que participaron en diferentes deportes en una ciudad brasileña en 2019. Los participantes respondieron un cuestionario que abordaba el resultado primario -ocurrencia de trauma en la cabeza y el cuello durante actividades deportivas- y conocimiento y uso de protectores bucales. Se investigaron las siguientes variables: estado civil, sexo, edad, escolaridad, deporte, región afectada, causa y consecuencia del trauma. Resultados: Ciento cuarenta y ocho deportistas (22.87%) sufrieron trauma durante el deporte/competencia. La boca fue el sitio más afectado (30,40%) y el codo fue la causa principal. En 80 (54.05%) deportistas, el trauma ocurrió durante la competencia y en 68 (45.95%) durante el entrenamiento. Un total de 536 deportistas (82.84%) conocían protector bucal; sin embargo, solo 169 (26.12%) lo usaron; 13 (7.69%) de estos llevaban un protector bucal personalizado recomendado por un dentista. Hubo una asociación significativa entre la ocurrencia de trauma OMF (TOMF) y el conocimiento de los protectores bucales (p=0.0042), modalidad deportiva (p<0.0001), educación (p<0.0001), edad (p<0.0001) y género (p = 0.0421). Conclusión: La ocurrencia de TOMF en deportistas fue alta. Aunque la mayoría de la gente sabía sobre protectores bucales, su uso no era una práctica habitual.
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Derechos de autor 2020 Lecturas: Educación Física y Deportes
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