Entrenamiento unilateral en el acondicionamiento físico. Implicaciones neuromusculares, biomecánicas y funcionales
Resumen
El entrenamiento de fuerza ha evolucionado significativamente en las últimas décadas, incorporando estrategias basadas en la especificidad funcional y el rendimiento atlético. En este contexto, el entrenamiento unilateral destaca por imponer mayores exigencias neuromusculares, propioceptivas y biomecánicas en comparación con el entrenamiento bilateral tradicional. La realización de ejercicios con un solo apoyo incrementa la necesidad de estabilización lumbopélvica, control intermuscular y coordinación neural, además de favorecer la identificación y corrección de asimetrías entre las extremidades. Evidencia reciente sugiere que las asimetrías interlaterales pueden comprometer el rendimiento físico y, en ciertos deportes, asociarse con un mayor riesgo de lesiones musculoesqueléticas, si bien esta relación aún presenta resultados inconsistentes en la literatura. El fenómeno del déficit bilateral refuerza la relevancia de las adaptaciones neurales específicas promovidas por la estimulación unilateral. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las principales implicaciones neuromusculares, biomecánicas y funcionales del entrenamiento unilateral en el acondicionamiento físico, haciendo hincapié en sus efectos sobre el rendimiento, la prevención de lesiones y el equilibrio de fuerza entre las extremidades. La literatura contemporánea indica que su aplicación, integrada en programas periodizados que también incluyen ejercicios bilaterales, mejora las ganancias en fuerza funcional, potencia y estabilidad dinámica.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Lecturas: Educación Física y Deportes
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