Actividad muscular del antebrazo y perfil de prensión manual entre mujeres mayores físicamente activas y sedentarias
Resumen
Introducción: El proceso de envejecimiento promueve cambios en los músculos esqueléticos que influyen en la fuerza muscular y la fatiga, pero el ejercicio físico tiene un efecto directo en el proceso de envejecimiento. Objetivo: Investigar la fuerza y la fatigabilidad de la fuerza de prensión del antebrazo y las actividades musculares en mujeres mayores dependiendo de su nivel de actividad física. Método: En este estudio transversal se evaluaron los patrones de fuerza muscular rápida, fuerza máxima y fatigabilidad de 32 mujeres mayores durante la fuerza de prensión manual. Se evaluaron ambas manos y se monitorizó simultáneamente la actividad electromiográfica de flexores y extensores del carpo. Los voluntarios se agruparon en dos grupos según su nivel de actividad física. Los resultados se compararon por factores de grupo y tiempo. Resultados: La fuerza muscular rápida y la fuerza isométrica máxima fueron sustancialmente mayores en el grupo activo. Se observó pérdida de fuerza en el grupo activo mientras que en el grupo inactivo se identificó fatiga debida a la actividad muscular. Discusión: El patrón de actividad física de los voluntarios logró cambiar sus estrategias de contracción muscular. El grupo activo practica principalmente entrenamiento de fuerza o entrenamiento combinado que incluye entrenamiento de fuerza con al menos 3 sesiones semanales. Este volumen también fue suficiente para promover un rápido aumento de fuerza y fuerza rápida. Conclusión: El perfil de actividad física de las mujeres mayores de este estudio influyó en la fuerza, la fatigabilidad y la actividad muscular durante la fuerza de prensión manual.
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