Beneficio del ejercicio físico en pacientes con fibromialgia. Una revisión integradora
Resumen
La fibromialgia (FM) se caracteriza por dolor difuso y sensibilidad de las articulaciones, músculos y tendones que no se pueden curar. Por tanto, son necesarias intervenciones que ayuden a mejorar los síntomas que afectan a estos pacientes y proporcionen una mejor calidad de vida. Entre las intervenciones se encuentran terapias alternativas, incluidos ejercicios físicos. Por lo tanto, este trabajo tuvo como objetivo presentar las formas en que el ejercicio físico puede ser útil para los pacientes con fibromialgia, especialmente en términos de mejorar la calidad de vida y, en consecuencia, sus síntomas, a través de una revisión de la literatura. Para este objetivo se realizó una revisión integrativa de la literatura, que incluyó una búsqueda en las bases de datos SciElo, Web of Science y Medline durante un período de tiempo de 2018 a 2022, con ayuda de los descriptores Fibromyalgia y Physical activity. Luego de la lectura del título, resumen y texto completo, se incluyeron 46 trabajos. De estos, 29 estudios señalaron intervenciones con actividades aeróbicas como método recomendado para mejorar los síntomas y 16 abordaron actividades anaeróbicas como intervención, además de una producción que abordó ambas vías metabólicas. Ante esto, se puede concluir que el ejercicio físico bien guiado y planificado, buscando asociar el entrenamiento aeróbico con el entrenamiento anaeróbico, teniendo en cuenta las individualidades del paciente en relación a la FM, son grandes aliados en la reducción de los síntomas relacionados con la fibromialgia.
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