Plantas medicinales y estrés oxidativo en deportistas. Una revisión sobre compuestos antioxidantes
Resumen
El ejercicio físico intenso puede desencadenar estrés oxidativo, comprometiendo el rendimiento deportivo a través de la acumulación de especies reactivas de oxígeno. Por lo tanto, este estudio revisó la evidencia sobre compuestos antioxidantes presentes en Baccharis dracunculifolia DC, Matricaria chamomilla L. y Mentha piperita L. La metodología consistió en una revisión narrativa basada en artículos publicados entre 2015 y 2025 en las bases de datos PubMed, SciELO y Scopus, dando como resultado 50 estudios seleccionados. Los resultados demostraron que M. chamomilla y M. piperita tienen efectos beneficiosos sobre la respuesta antioxidante y la recuperación muscular en humanos, con énfasis en la presencia de flavonoides y compuestos fenólicos. B. dracunculifolia mostró mejoras en los parámetros glucémicos y el potencial antioxidante en modelos experimentales, pero aún faltan estudios clínicos en humanos. A pesar de los beneficios, el uso excesivo de antioxidantes puede comprometer adaptaciones fisiológicas importantes, lo que destaca la necesidad de realizar estudios. La integración de la fitoterapia en la nutrición deportiva parece ser una estrategia viable para mantener el rendimiento atlético y prevenir el daño celular. Sin embargo, se necesitan más estudios clínicos para consolidar su aplicación segura y efectiva en la práctica deportiva.
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