Effect of Physical Activity on Cognitive Functions in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder:

Paola Teresa Penagos Gómez; Cyndi Yacira Meneses Castaño; Karen Montserrat León Laredo; Ana Paula Bernal Salazar; Tali Bianca Soltak Goldberg

doi:10.46642/efd.v30i325.7780

Paola Teresa Penagos Gómez Universidad Anáhuac Norte https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=wV9grdcAAAAJ&hl=es https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4089-3774
Cyndi Yacira Meneses Castaño Escuela Colombiana de Rehabilitación (ECR) https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=CmZJjycAAAAJ&hl=en https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9793-8374
Karen Montserrat León Laredo Universidad Anáhuac Norte
Ana Paula Bernal Salazar Universidad Anáhuac Norte
Tali Bianca Soltak Goldberg Universidad Anáhuac Norte

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46642/efd.v30i325.7780

Resumen

Los niños y adolescentes con trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) suelen presentar dificultades en el desarrollo de funciones ejecutivas, que pueden persistir en la edad adulta. El objetivo de este análisis sistemático es analizar y sintetizar la literatura científica sobre el efecto de la actividad física en niños y adolescentes con TDAH. Se propuso una revisión sistemática de acuerdo con consideraciones PRISMA, la búsqueda se realizó en Pubmed y Scopus, en una ventana de observación entre el 2015 y 2024 sin restricciones de género ni idioma. Se encontraron 231 estudios y 18 cumplieron con criterios de selección. El análisis de información se efectuó con estadística descriptiva. Los resultados demostraron que el 55,5% de los estudios se reportaron en Europa y que el mayor número de publicaciones se registró en el año 2022 con un 33,3%. Se encontró evidencia para actividad física aeróbica, deportes específicos y actividad física mediada por aplicaciones y dispositivos electrónicos. Los estudios señalan, que un promedio de intervenciones entre 15 y 20 minutos diarios por 12 semanas, pueden tener generar una mejora en la memoria de trabajo, memoria visoespacial, autorregulación, planeación y anticipación. En conclusión, la actividad física contribuye al desarrollo y mantenimiento de las funciones ejecutivas.

Palabras clave: Atividade física, Niño, Adolescente, Trastorno de déficit de atención con hiperactividad

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