Efectos del entrenamiento funcional individualizado sobre la aptitud física de mujeres con obesidad
Resumen
Introducción: la obesidad es un problema de salud pública global con impacto negativo en la salud. Por lo tanto, se necesitan opciones de tratamiento eficaces. Objetivo: evaluar las respuestas de un programa de entrenamiento funcional supervisado sobre la aptitud física y la capacidad funcional de mujeres con obesidad. Métodos: estudio prospectivo y controlado realizado con veinticuatro mujeres, IMC> 30 y <55 kg/m², edad entre 20 y 59 años. La evaluación consistió en mediciones antropométricas y pruebas de aptitud física que evaluaron la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria y la capacidad funcional, la fuerza indirecta de los miembros inferiores y la flexibilidad. Después de las evaluaciones iniciales, los voluntarios fueron distribuidos en dos grupos: grupo de entrenamiento individualizado (GEI) (n=13), que consistió en entrenamiento aeróbico y de fuerza, durante tres meses, tres veces por semana, 60 minutos por sesión; y el grupo control (GC) (n=11) que no participó en ningún programa regular de ejercicio físico en el mismo período. En el tercer mes, ambos grupos fueron reevaluados. Resultados: se observaron reducciones significativas en las medidas de circunferencia de cintura, cadera y cuello; y aumento del VO2máx, en el número de movimientos del PP6min. y la distancia alcanzada en la prueba de flexibilidad para el GEI. El GEI mostró mejoría sobre el GC en todas las variables estudiadas. Conclusión: El programa de entrenamiento mejoró la distribución de la grasa corporal, la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria, la fuerza muscular, la flexibilidad y la capacidad funcional. Estos son indicativos de que la estrategia es viable para mujeres con obesidad.
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