Sergio Ricardo Egas Romo

sergioleyenda14@gmail.com

Dr.C. Edgardo Romero Frómeta

eeromero4@espe.edu.ec

Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE

(Ecuador)

Reception: 11/20/2017 - Acceptance: 06/04/2018

1st Review: 05/31/2018 - 2nd Review: 06/03/2018

 

Abstract

    Judo is a combat sport with the objective of defeating an opponent in a tatami by applying a combat for points, for which it is necessary to establish several national parameters for the sport selection. The research objective is to elaborate standards of detection and massive sports selection for initiation in Ecuadorian Judo between 8 to 11 years of age. The research is descriptive and analytical. A sample of 58 (female) and 69 (male) judokas between the ages of 8-11 years (both sexes) is studied, applying 11 sports performance indicators to conform the norms based on the percentiles application (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90). The research objective is fulfilled, recommending to expand the sample size to generalize the results in Ecuador.

    Keywords: Sports selection rules. School Judo. Ecuador. Category 8-11 years.

 

Resumen

    El Judo es un deporte de combate con el objetivo de vencer a un oponente en un tatami aplicando un combate por puntos, para lo cual es necesario establecer diversos parámetros nacionales para la selección deportiva. El objetivo de la investigación es elaborar normas de detección y selección deportiva masiva para la iniciación en el Judo Ecuatoriano entre los 8 a 11 años de edad. La investigación es de tipo descriptiva y analítica. Se estudia una muestra de 58 (femenino) y 69 (masculinos) judocas comprendidos entre las edades de 8-11 años (ambos sexos), aplicando 11 indicadores del rendimiento deportivo para conformar las normas a partir de la aplicación de percentiles (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90). El objetivo es cumplimentado en la investigación, recomendándose ampliar el tamaño de muestra para generalizar los resultados en el Ecuador.

    Palabras clave: Normas de selección deportiva. Judo escolar. Ecuador. Categoría 8-11 años.

 

Resumo
    O judô é um esporte de combate com o objetivo de derrotar um adversário em um tatami, aplicando um combate por pontos, para o qual é necessário estabelecer vários parâmetros nacionais para a seleção esportiva. O objetivo da pesquisa é elaborar padrões de detecção e seleção massiva de esportes para a iniciação no judô equatoriano entre 8 a 11 anos de idade. A pesquisa é descritiva e analítica. Uma amostra de 58 (mulheres) e 69 (homens) judocas entre as idades de 8 e 11 anos (ambos os sexos) é estudada, aplicando-se 11 indicadores de desempenho esportivo para adequar as normas baseadas na aplicação de percentis (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90). O objetivo é cumprido na pesquisa, recomendando ampliar o tamanho da amostra para generalizar os resultados no Equador.

    Unitermos: Parâmetros de seleção de esportes. Judô Escolar. Equador. Categoria 8-11 anos.

 

Lecturas: Educación Física y Deportes, Vol. 23, Núm. 242, Jul. (2018)

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Introduction

 

    The scientific norms for sports screening and selection is an essential component of the process of control of sports performance, there are numerous scales to manage various components of sports preparation such as physical factors (Ryckman, Robbins, Thornton, & Cantrell, 1982), technical (Zech, Steib, Hentschke, Eckhardt, & Pfeifer, 2012; Galli, Petrie, Reel, Chatterton, & Baghurst, 2014), psychological (Abdullah, Kosni, Eswaramoorthi, Maliki, & Musa, 2016; Furley, Bertrams, Englert, & Delphia, 2013), technical-tactical (Morales, 2012, Morales, Taboada, & Lorenzo, 2012, Morales, Taboada, & Lorenzo, 2016) and health (Flores, Calero, Arancibia, & García, 2014a, 2014b), among others.

 

    The adequate rules for detection and selection of sports for initiation stages implies a follow-up from an early age (Calero & Suárez; Calero, 2007), which can be applied by most institutions and sources of training in combat sports and other modalities, allowing to grant an enhancement and identification to sports selection.

 

    For UNESCO, Judo is a pillar when it comes to sports training; for this reason, since 1978 it has been declared the best initial training sport for children and young people from 4 to 21 years old, since it allows an integral physical education, enhancing, through the knowledge of this sport, all its psychomotor possibilities, being these spatial location, perspective, ambiextrism, laterality, throwing, pulling, pushing, crawling, jumping, rolling, falling, joint and independent coordination of both hands and feet, etc. It also becomes really important when referring to the relation with other people, making use of the game and the fight as an integrating-energizing element and introducing the technical-tactical sports initiation in an adapted form; besides looking for a general, suitable physical conditioning. (COP, 2013, Bliznevsky, Kudryavtsev, Iermakov, & Jagiełło, 2016).

 

    One of the most recognized Schools of Japanese Martial Arts in Asia (Dojo, 2010) states that judo develops excellent coordination, flexibility and balance; its practice contributes to the harmonious development of all the muscle groups of the organism. It allows a greater bone growth and a better strengthening of the joints, at the same time that endows the body with resistance to fatigue and disease.

 

    According to the historical archives of the Ecuadorian Judo Federation, this sport arrived in Ecuador in 1955, with the arrival of Dutch architect Johan Moss, who at that time held the rank of Second Dan. He was a faithful practitioner of this discipline and came to Guayaquil for work reasons. Seeing that judo was not practiced in Ecuador, he founded the School "Student Sports League", which did not have great reception, since, at first, there were not many people who understood the techniques of judo and were attracted to it. But his eagerness would not end with this first disappointment. Engaged in the fact that this activity fell in the country, he contacted Agustín Arroyo Yerovi, a lawyer, diplomat, famous sports leader and son of former President Carlos Alberto Arroyo del Río. His request was for Agustín Arroyo to help him with in Crónica Judo 17. The born in Guayaquil Juan Carlos Faidutti was one of his first judo training. He had an injury and I had to take the post of the management and try to spread the most of this sport, "said Faidutti. With this purpose, the Japanese teacher Yuriyuki Yamamoto, who was Quinto Dan, arrived in the country in 1962". He came to prepare several of the first students to get their promotions.

 

    Thus, Arroyo Yerovi received the Second Dan, while Faidutti, Bitar and Filian received the first. And it was these men who continued the teaching of this sport in the judo hall located on the top floor of the "Alberto Spencer" Stadium. This had a positive effect and in that same year the Ecuadorian Club of Judo Sa-Chun was founded. One of the first students was Juan Caros Faidutti, an Ecuadorian sportsman, politician and diplomat, who, as a deputy, also dedicated a large part of his participation to sports. Today, at 79 years old and in his capacity as life president of the Ecuadorian Judo Federation, he remembers his beginnings in this sport. (Andrade, 2013)

 

    Talking about sports talent, Martinez (2016) specifies that a subject with talent can progress in a specialty, but in any case, everyone acquires habits and fondness for sport, as they are excited by their practice. That is one of the most common dangers on behalf of coaches and technicians to think that all their pupils can become champions. This idea leads, to demand from the child much more than what they can really give, sometimes leading to rejection of the sports practice that is being studied. Likewise, it encourages discarding those children who, due to their conditions, clearly perceive that they will not succeed in this sport.

 

    This, of course, forces us to seek regulatory procedures that allow a better selection of potential talents (Osipov, Kudryavtsev, Iermakov, & Jagiełło, 2017, Ferguson-Smith & Bavington, 2014, Morales & Taboada, 2011, Calero, 2012), which becomes a rather complex procedure, given the large number of variables that influence the process.

    In the field of high-performance sports, people with talent are considered those who express certain genetic or acquired skills to excel in certain disciplines and sports (Guth & Roth, 2013, Rees, and others, 2016, Guilherme, Tritto, North, Lancha Junior, & Artioli, 2014), the talent is the disposition above the population average, of wanting and having the possibility of performing sports (Dantas, 2012, Baker, Cobley, Schorer, & Wattie, 2017).

 

    The first thing that must be taken into account in the selection of possible talents for sports and in the search for the indicators that evaluate the qualities that distinguish it, are the biological characteristics of these ages.

 

    Romero, Bacallao, Vinueza, Chavez, & Vaca (2014) mention that sports talent is a beginner who has innate and acquired skills, which allow him to show potential to successfully perform a particular sport in the future. Regarding this specific issue Pila (2000) states that it is understood as talent for sports initiation, any outstanding manifestation of the human being, which potentially translates into high rates of motor performance and functional morph, which promote an appropriate initiation and development in the complex pedagogical process, called sports training (Pila, 1995; 2000).

 

    Moraes & Romero (2005) describes that talent usually appears in "sports initiation. You can understand the process that a person (usually the child) experiences from their arrival at a school to competitive sports practice. Then, talent is all manifestation above the average population data, in any sphere, such as art, sport, culture or others. In addition, several models are established to be used in sports selection and highlight the importance of mixing those models (Leiva & Cruz, 1996, Calero-Morales, 2014, González-Catalá & Calero-Morales, 2017), to obtain a better development of this process, which involves learning and subsequent progressive training, aimed at improving and then perfecting the different organic, functional, technical and tactical; necessary aspects to the optimal entry into the chosen sport. Thus, a child could be a possible talent in physical preparation or in the domain of certain motor skills, however, the possession of one or another capacity does not necessarily indicate that one is in the presence of a talent for sport. We must not lose from sight the fact that this process involves a whole system of organizational measures (Gamble, 2013, Viru, 2017, Bompa & Buzzichelli, 2018).

 

    The selection of possible sporting talents begins in Physical Education (Metzler, 2017, Camerino, Castañer, & Anguera, 2014), being it a low or high level teaching system and in general physical activity performed by children and adolescents in a curricular or extracurricular way. This first link is fulfilled through the Physical Education Teacher, followed by the performance of the specialist teachers of sports disciplines and the rest of the factors that will influence the training of each possible athlete, previous step to obtain the results as an output of the selective system. In this process, as a rule, five basic indicators are involved: location, detection, selection, attention and follow-up. In this article, practical reference is made to location and selection. Therefore, the research aims to develop screening standards and massive sport selection for the initiation in Ecuadorian Judo between 8 to 11 years of age.

 

Methods

 

    The investigation is determined in a descriptive and analytical manner. Therefore, the orientation of the investigation is mixed. The figures and information will be made by the researchers of the project with the execution and evaluation for the implementation of the rules of detection and sports selection for the initiation in Ecuadorian Judo 8-11 years. At the same time, the database of the Ecuadorian Judo Federation will be evaluated.

 

    A national sample was applied to the population of judo athletes from Ecuador (19 provinces) of the categories studied (8-9 years and 10-11 years). For females samples, 58 subjects were studied (8-9 years: 18 judokas and 10-11 years: 40 judokas), and male the sample was 69 subjects (8-9 years: 19 judokas and 10-11 years: 50 judokas).

 

    According to Romero, Bacallao, Vinueza, Chávez, & Vaca (2014), the selection of possible talents can be done through physical indicators to massively determine, those applicants who show biological predisposition for the practice of sport, applying different tests where a strict order of execution is shown, being the following:

• Reception.

• Weight (kg).

• Height (cm).

• Sitting height (cm).

• Cormic index (to assess the proportional relationship between the length of the trunk and the length of the legs, in %).

• Breaststroke or wingspan (cm).

• Speed ​​(30 m thrown or flyers, in seconds).

• Resistance of force in upper extremities (lizards, plates or flexions and elbow extensions upside down) in 30 seconds, in repetitions.

• Resistance of abdominal strength (abdominals in v), in 30 seconds, in repetitions.

• Explosive force in lower extremities (long jump without impulse stroke, in cm).

• Resistance (race of 600 up to 10 years and for 11-12 years a distance of 1000 m (in sec).

    The percentile values ​​(10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90) are used to characterize the anthropometric results related to the length of the levers and the height correspond to figures associated with the requirements of modern sport, where they, in general, become consubstantial indicators with sports performance, and they were not assigned a score, but only as references.

 

    It was considered that the applicant who is between the 50th and the 70th percentile, in each of the indicators, should be considered of a Regular level, between the 71th and the 80th percentile the assessment is good and between the 81th and 90th percentile and Superior is excellent. This assessment is indicative of its level in speed, explosive strength, strength of arms and abdomen and lactic resistance.

 

    In the investigation, the following evaluative indicators were considered in the general test; being five such indicators in motor skills, a value of 50 points is reasoned for the whole test, that is, 10 points each indicator.

 

    This score is valued in the following way:

• 41-50 Points: (Excellent (even greater 81-90th percentile)

• 36-40 points: (Good (percentile 71-80)

• 25-35 points: Regular (percentiles 50-70)
  

Results and discussion

 

    In the research it was possible to establish minimum values, which allow establishing the scales in motor and anthropometric patterns, which contribute to the selection of a possible talent for judo at the age of 8-9 and 10-11 years. Values ​​between 50 and 70 percentiles (Table 1 and Table 2) were considered to approve each one of the indicators of the applied test.

 

    In table 1 the size values ​​for 50 P are registered in 128.50 cm, in female ages 8-9 years, being those values ​​up to 135.90 cm for subjects of the same sex who are 10-11 years, with a displacement of 7.40 cm. Likewise, the cormic index, which characterizes the predominance of leg length or trunk-head, manifests itself at 8-9 years with values ​​of 50 P corresponding to 52.57% and at 10-11 years with a value of less than 51.42. P, both mesomorphic cases according to Romero (s.f.). It is highlighted in Table 1 that the percentile values ​​of this index fall for 70-90 P at the age of 10-11 years, with values ​​of 49.66 to 47.06 &, indicates that the age growth reflects a decline in the cormic index, favorable to the growth of the lower limbs for this sport. This implies that around 10-30% of the population of initiation judokas shows these characteristics.

 

Table 1. Results of the general anthropometric indicators for admission to the Sports Schools for Female Judo, aged 8-11 years

P	8-9 years						10-11 years
	Weight Kilograms	Standing height cm	Sitting height Cm	IC	Stroke	Weight Kilograms	Standing height cm	Sitting height cm	IC	Stroke
P10	22,82	120,70	61,70	55,73	115,80	28,00	122,90	63,90	55,33	125
P20	24,28	122,80	64,40	53,92	122,40	29,80	128,40	66,00	53,06	131
P30	26,42	125,10	65,00	53,36	124,00	31,00	132,00	67,91	53,03	133
P40	27,24	126,80	66,60	52,95	126,40	32,00	134,40	69,60	52,41	136
P50	28,40	128,50	68,25	52,57	127,15	34,00	135,90	70,50	51,42	139
p60	29,10	129,40	69,00	52,19	127,60	35,00	137,40	71,32	50,95	139
P70	30,18	131,00	69,90	51,70	128,90	38,37	140,30	72,00	49,66	144
P80	32,70	132,60	71,60	51,32	134,60	41,00	146,80	73,00	49,17	147
P90	35,30	135,50	73,00	49,89	136,00	49,66	151,00	76,30	47,06	149

 

    With the increase in age, the percentile values ​​of the stroke for 50 P also increased. In the 8-9 years, the figures of this indicator are found in values ​​of 127.15 cm, at differences of the age of 10-11 years where those values ​​moved to 139 cm. This displacement is more visible for the 70-90 percentiles.

 

    The size-arm relationship is notorious. While at 8-9 years of age a size greater than the stroke is observed, for 50 P, at 10-11 years, the breasts exceed the size at the same percentile. This denotes a tendency to a greater stroke than the height with the growth of age, although the differences does not exceed 4cm, confirming what was stated by (Rojas, 2000) that at 10 years the height and stroke are equal.

 

Table 2. Results of the general anthropometric indicators for the entry into the Sports Schools for Male Judo, at ages 8-11 years

	8-9					10-11
P	Weight Kilograms	Standing Height cm	Sitting Height Cm	IC	Stroke	Weight Kilograms	Standing Height cm	Sitting Height cm	IC	Stroke
P10	24,80	121,00	60,00	54,53	118,80	29,18	129,90	66,45	53,45	131,00
P20	25,00	124,40	64,80	53,81	120,00	31,64	132,80	68,00	52,71	132,00
P30	25,50	125,70	65,70	53,04	123,70	32,97	134,94	69,00	52,25	134,00
P40	28,00	126,60	66,60	52,56	125,00	34,00	137,00	69,30	51,85	135,60
P50	28,75	128,50	67,50	52,38	127,00	35,80	137,50	70,00	51,44	137,50
p60	29,04	131,00	68,20	52,10	128,40	36,72	138,54	71,00	51,09	139,40
P70	29,73	132,00	69,00	51,20	130,90	38,00	139,51	72,00	49,66	140,30
P80	32,58	132,40	70,00	50,67	134,20	39,92	142,00	73,00	49,23	143,20
P90	36,30	135,24	71,20	49,14	136,00	44,30	145,30	74,10	48,44	147,00

 

    In the male sex, the size for 50 P at 8-9 years is 128.50 cm, while for the age of 10-11 years there is a displacement towards 137.50 cm, relatively similar to the female sex.

    The relation of the Cormic Index in this sex to 50 P behaves similar to the female sex, with a Cormic Index of 52.38% at 8-9 years and from 51.44 to 10-11 years, however, the values ​​of the same index for the upper percentiles they denote, from 70 P, a displacement towards values ​​lower than 50%, indicative of a higher growth of the length of the legs with respect to the trunk-head length, present in this sport.

    In relation to the stroke, the values ​​of 50 P at 8-9 years were 127 cm, slightly below the values ​​of height (128.50 cm), however, at 10-11 years those values ​​are similar, with a figure of 137.5 cm for both indicators, with an approximate growth of 10 cm when passing from one age group to another.

 

    These data denote a tendency to decrease the Cormic Index with the growth of age, favorable to a longer length of the lower limbs in the initiation judokas.

    For both sexes, the percentile values ​​of the height, the Cormic index and the stroke can act as a model in the selection of a possible judoka talent, in favor of a longer length of the lower limbs and a size-stroke ratio with slight predominance of the stroke. They are non-compensable indicators, which cannot be compensated with the improvement of compensable indicators, such as speed, strength, etc.

 

    Tables 3-6 list the norms or scales of motor skills established to perform the initial massive detection of a possible talent for children's judo.

 

    It is of great importance that the coaches use the scales seated in the referenced tables, because they constitute compensable indicators, which are developed with sports training.

 

Table 3. Entry rules of the Sports Schools for the Female Judo in ages 8-9 years

Moments of the application of the rules	Total points	30 m thrown (sec.)	Length jump w/w impulse (cm)	Abdominals 30 sec. (Rep.)	Elbow push-ups 30 sec, (Rep.)	Career 600 m (Min)
	1	8.01-6,69	116-117	5	4	4.02
	2	6,68-6,55	118-119	6	5	3.50
	3	6,54-6,29	120-124	7-12	6-10	3.38
	4	6,28-6,14	125-130	13-15	11-13	3.26
Rules for admission	5	6,13-6,12	131-132	16-17	14	3.18
	6	6,11-6,07	133-134	18	15-18	3.13
	7	6,06-5,68	135-137	19	19	2.57
Standards at the end of the first year	8	5,67-5,62	138-140	20	20	2.51
Standards at the end of the second year	10	5.61-5,57	141-142	21-22	21-22	2.41

    For example, in table 3-6 the percentile values ​​between 50 p and 70 P (in the table 5-7 points), are minimum indications of the scales that allow each test indicator to be approved. But the values ​​between 70-80 (7-8 points) and 80-90 percentile (8-9 points) are those that reflect a higher level.

 

    Thus, in the indicated tables the five indicators of the applied test are shown, to characterize the characteristics of pure speed (30 m thrown), explosive force (long jump without impulse stroke), abdominal strength resistance (abdominals in 30 seconds), arm strength resistance (elbow flexes upside down in 30 sec.) and lactic resistance (600 m stroke).

 

Table 4. Entry rules of the Sports Schools for the Female Judo in ages 10-11 years

Moments of the application of the rules	Total points	30 m thrown (sec.)	Length jump w/w impulse (cm)	Abdominals 30 sec. (Rep.)	Elbow push-ups 30 sec. (Rep.)	Career 600 m (Min)
	1	6,54-6,42	122-130	10	8	3.48
	2	6,41-6,22	131-134	11	9	3.38
	3	6,21-5,94	135-140	12-14	10-12	3.30
	4	5,93-5,62	141-144	15	13	3.25
Rules for admission	5	5,61-5,38	145-148	16	14-15	3.16
	6	5,37-5,08	149-158	17	16	3.00
	7	5,07-4,92	159-167	18	17	2.25
Standards at the end of the first year	8	4,91-4,90	168-170	19-21	18-20	2.16
Standards at the end of the second year	10	Less than 4,90-4,64	More than 170-172	22-23	21-22	1.50

 

    Taking into account that the tempos (not times) of physical preparation growth are a very important indicator to be considered in the selection of a possible talent, and that the child should be observed throughout his sport initiation (Calero & Suárez, 2005; Ferguson-Smith & Bavington, 2014), coaches can use other indicators, associated with these tempos, determining in a time of 6 to 18 months, how those indicators have been behaving. Those beginners who show a superior tempo of development in the same period reflect superior characteristics to the rest and along with the initial results, seated in the referred tables, they place it at a higher level.

 

Table 5. Entry rules of the Sports Schools for male judo at ages 8-9 years

Moments of the application of the rules	Total points	30 m thrown (sec.)	Length jump w/w impulse (cm)	Abdominals   30 sec. (Rep.)	Elbow push-ups   30 sec. (Rep.)	Career 600 m (Min)
	1	6,62-6,54	120-121	10-11	3	4.04
	2	6,53-6,31	122-127	12-13	4	4.01
	3	6,30-6,17	128-132	14-15	5	4.00
	4	6,16-6,02	133-135	16-17	6-7	3.57
Rules for admission	5	6,01-5,70	136-137	18	8-10	3.39
	6	5,69-5,54	138-141	19	11-13	3.33
	7	5,53-5,49	142-143	20	14	3.18
Standards at the end of the first year	8	5,48-5,36	144-145	21	15-19	3.15
Standards at the end of the second year	10	5,35-5,22	146-147	22-23	20-21	3.14

 

    The authors consider that when this system of norms is applied in the whole country, and hundreds or thousands of data are collected, it will be possible to reach an improvement of these indicators and others proposed by the coaches. Consequently, this system of norms reflects the initial results that will allow to achieve higher future endeavors, and that will be constituted in the continuous improvement of the selection system of Ecuador for this sport.

 

    The research results in this sport, as a derivation of the process of processing the evaluated data, constitute model indicators to be used by the sports federations of the country involved in the sports initiation of child judo athletes.

 

Table 6. Entry rules of the Sports Schools for Male Judo at ages 10-11 years

Moments of the application of the rules	Total points	30 m thrown (sec.)	Length jump w/w impulse (cm)	Abdominals 30 sec. (Rep.)	Elbow push-ups 30 sec, (Rep.)	Career 600 m (Min.)
	1	5,97-5,71	133-138	12-13	8	3.53
	2	5,70-5,48	139-143	14-15	9	3.23
	3	5,47-5,34	144-146	16-17	10-11	3.00
	4	5,33-5,22	147-149	18	12-13	2.53
Rules for admission	5	5,21-5.14	150-152	19	14	2.42
	6	5,13-4,94	153-154	20	15-17	2.25
	7	4,93-4,60	155-160	21	18-19	2.11
Standards at the end of the first year	8	4,59-4,31	161-167	22	20-22	2.00
Standards at the end of the second year	10	4,31-4,14	168-171	23-24	23-24	1.55

 

 

    Next, it is exemplified with table 6.

 

    The test is applied to a male child of 10-11 years, who achieves a mark of 4.38 seconds in the 30 m thrown, corresponding to 8 points in the table; in the long jump without impulse stroke it reaches 157 cm, which means in table 6 a total of 7 points; in abdominals in 30 seconds he manages to perform 22 repetitions, corresponding to 8 points; in elbow flexes upside down in 30 seconds reaches a figure of 16 repetitions, thus obtaining 6 points and in the 600 m it covers the distance in 2.25 minutes, for which it receives in table 6 a total of 6 points. All the points are added and you get (8 + 7 + 8 + 6 + 6) a total of 35 points.

 

    According to the norms or Scales sitting above that score is equivalent to a Regular rating, approves the motor test.

 

    The coach with these data assesses their behavior in the anthropometric indexes seated in table 2, for that age and decides if they should be selected, or if they should wait a while (6-18 corresponding to Months) to see their evolution and behavior of the growth tempos of their motor development (in Tables 3-6 you can assess that growth in the cell "norms at the end of the first year or norms at the end of the second year"), which reflect, ultimately, if you are in front of a possible talent.

 

    These standards take distance from those that have been used, from other countries, and are the result of the efforts of the trainers, monitors, methodologists and leaders, who cooperated with the organization and execution of measurements of children and adolescents.

 

    The indices listed are not definitively finished norms, but are continually refined. This implies that all those who access them in this magazine and have any advice, recommendation or point of view, will be well received by the authors, as they become an incentive for its improvement.

 

Conclusions

 

The present investigation has fulfilled the proposed objective, elaborating standards of detection and massive sport selection for the initiation of the Ecuadorian Judo between 8 to 11 years old.

 

Thanks

 

    To the research project "Gestión de competencias para publicaciones científicas en estudiantes de pregrado y posgrado" de la Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE.

 

References

 

    Abdullah, M. R., Kosni, N. A., Eswaramoorthi, V., Maliki, A. B., & Musa, R. M. (2016). Reliability of test of performance strategies-competition scale (TOPS-CS) among youth athletes: A preliminary study in Malaysia. Man in India, 96(12), 5199-5207.

 

    Andrade, M. (2013). Memorias del Deporte 2 Ecuador Judo. En M. d. Deporte, Judo: el secreto es ceder para vencer (págs. 8-10-11-12-14-15-16-17-18). Quito: OCHOYMEDIO.

 

    Baker, J., Cobley, S., Schorer, J., & Wattie, N. (2017). Routledge handbook of talent identification and development in sport. USA: Taylor & Francis.

 

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